The new default :path and :include include the name of the model and
also nests the model ID under a series of subdirectories, improving
filesystem access speed when more than 1024 models have saved
attachments.

The easiest way to upgrade is to add an explicit :url and :path to your
has_attached_file calls:

    has_attached_file :avatar,
      :path => ":rails_root/public/system/:attachment/:id/:style/:filename",
      :url => "/system/:attachment/:id/:style/:filename"

Fixes #738

This adds functionality to add additional params to the querystring for
S3 expiring URLs. The reason for this is if you want to override
response_content_type or response_content_disposition with expiring
URLs, you have to change Amazon's signature, which gets signed before
adding additional options to the querystring. Because it's added later,
and because Amazon's signature includes the full URL, the signature is
bad and the request fails.

To use this feature:

    has_attached_file :avatar,
                      :s3_url_options => { :response_content_disposition => "inline" }

Additionally, you can pass a lambda and it'll be evaluated when the URL
is generated. If, for example, the content type is incorrect in Amazon
(either empty or application/octet-stream), you can effectively cast the
response from Amazon as a particular content type.

    has_attached_file :avatar,
                      :s3_url_options => lambda {|model| { :response_content_type => model.avatar_content_type } }

We've deprecate these method for a while, it's time to remove it.

Fixes #646

`AWS::S3::Base.establish_connection!` is not on the `aws/sdk`, and this code doesn't get used anymore.

This reverts commit 58671ebf.

I am reverting this because the tests broke and because the code itself
looks hideous.

Fixes #743

Fixes #745

In the effort of decoupling Rails from unit specs, you can't have any code that calls `Rails` (since it isn't available). In my unit specs that need Paperclip, I call `Paperclip::Railtie.insert` and all is good :)

Introducing `:restricted_characters` in Paperclip::Attachment.default_options  so people can override their blacklist characters by override that setting.

Fixes #703

Closes #678. Closes #450.

If a model has an existing attachment and styles, and later a new attachment is added (not just new styles), "rake paperclip:refresh:missing_styles" would crash with "TypeError: can't convert nil into Array".