Normally, all of the settings would be set on `Attachment`, and they
were `deep_merge`d fine. However, if you set the global

    config.paperclip_defaults = { :validate_media_type => false }

then the `HasAttachedFile` class wouldn't pick up on it, because it only
uses things that are defined in the class. This change makes it so that
the default options are merged in to the ones that `HasAttachedFile`
uses when it sets up the attachment.

Fixes #1857

Also, add integration tests for custom processor definition and unit
test for Paperclip.load_processor (thoughtbot/paperclip#1535).

This is a big one.

This change converts all of the existing tests from test/unit to RSpec.
It's been a long time coming, and was specifically prompted by the
inability of minitest to work with Appraisal across the various Rails
versions. Instead of ironing out that headache, converting to RSpec was
preferable (after initial probing).

Many assertions are still assertions and are housed in the Assertions
module, but they should be converted as they get touched. Similarly,
since we're touching all the tests/specs, we convert all the hashes from
1.8 syntax to 1.9 syntax.

The new default :path and :include include the name of the model and
also nests the model ID under a series of subdirectories, improving
filesystem access speed when more than 1024 models have saved
attachments.

The easiest way to upgrade is to add an explicit :url and :path to your
has_attached_file calls:

    has_attached_file :avatar,
      :path => ":rails_root/public/system/:attachment/:id/:style/:filename",
      :url => "/system/:attachment/:id/:style/:filename"

This test will generate a basic Rails application, include Paperclip
into Gemfile, and call basic `has_attached_file` in the model. This will
make sure that we're not messing up any of the configuration and
integration for our gem and the Rails framework.